A Review of Pathfinding in Game Development
Abstract
Pathfinding is one important method in many studies or works that consists of autonomous movement, such as robot, game, transportation, and so on. Pathfinding aims to find the most efficient route for the related autonomous entity. To date, there are many algorithms regarding to the pathfinding. Especially, there are four well-known pathfinding algorithms: A*, Theta*, Dijkstra, and Breadth First Search (BFS). Due to this circumstance, this work aims to observe and review these four well-known algorithms deeper. The discussion consists of the conceptual model or framework, the formalization, and the implementation. The result shows that these algorithms have been implemented in many game so that they are promising to be used in the future game development.
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References
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[2] D. Kurniadi, A. Mulyani and R. S. Maolani, "Implementation of Pathfinding Algorithm in Sundanese Land History Educational Game," in 2nd International Conference on Innovative and Creative Information Technology (ICITech), 2021.
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[23] G. Qing, Z. Zheng and X. Yue, "Path-planning of Automated Guided Vehicle based on Improved Dijkstra," in 2017 29th Chinese Control And Decision Conference (CCDC), 2017.
[24] Yujin and G. Xiaoxue, "Optimal Route Planning of Parking Lot Based on Dijkstra Algorithm," in International Conference on Robots & Intelligent System, 2017.
[25] M. Iqbal, K. Zhang, S. Iqbal and I. Tariq, "A Fast and Reliable Dijkstra Algorithm for Online Shortest Path," SSRG International Journal of Computer Science and Engineering ( SSRG – IJCSE ), vol. 5, no. 12, 2018.
[26] A. Bozyi?it, G. Alanku? and E. Nasibo?lu, "Public Transport Route Planning: Modified Dijkstra's," in International Conference on Computer Science and Engineering (UBMK), 2017.
[27] X. Z. Wang, "The Comparison of Three Algorithms in Shortest Path Issue," in Journal of Physics Conference Series, 2018.
[28] H. Jason, "The Nature of Breadth-First Search," in School of Computer Science, Mathematics, and Physics James Cook University Australia, 2019.
[29] V. Palanisamy and S. Vijayanathan, "Cluster Based Multi Agent System for Breadth First Search," in 2020 20th International Conference on Advances in ICT for Emerging Regions (ICTer), 2021.
[30] S. Sularno, D. P. Mulya, R. Astri and D. Mulya, "Determination of The Shortest Route Based on BFS Algorithm for Purpose to Disaster Evacuation Shelter," Scientific Journal of Informatics, vol. 8, no. 1, 2021.
[31] S. Permana, K. Bintoro, B. Arifitama and A. Syahputra, "Comparative Analysis of Pathfinding Algorithms A*, Dijkstra, and BFS on Maze Runner Game," International Journal of Information System and Technology, vol. 1, no. 2, 2018.
[32] F. Zhang, H. Lin, J. Zhai, J. Cheng, D. Xiang, J. Li, Y. Chai and X. Du, "An Adaptive Breadth-?rst Search Algorithm on Integrated Architectures," The Journal of Supercomputing, vol. 74, p. 6135–6155, 2018.
[33] T. N. Lina and M. S. Rumetna, "Comparison Analysis of Breadth First Search and Depth Limited Search Algorithms in Sudoku Game," Bulletin of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 74-83, 2021.
[2] D. Kurniadi, A. Mulyani and R. S. Maolani, "Implementation of Pathfinding Algorithm in Sundanese Land History Educational Game," in 2nd International Conference on Innovative and Creative Information Technology (ICITech), 2021.
[3] G. T. Galam, T. P. Remedio and M. A. Dias, "Viral Infection Genetic Algorithm with Dynamic Infectability for Pathfinding in a Tower Defense Game," in 18th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Games and Digital Entertainment (SBGames), 2019.
[4] L. Husniah, R. Mahendra and A. S. Kholimi, "Comparison Between A* And Obstacle Tracing Pathfinding In Gridless Isometric Game," in 2018 5th International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Informatics (EECSI), 2018.
[5] A. N. Sabri, N. H. Radzi and A. A. Samah, "A study on Bee algorithm and A algorithm for pathfinding in games," in 2018 IEEE Symposium on Computer Applications & Industrial Electronics (ISCAIE), 2018.
[6] J. Smo?ka, K. Miszta, M. Skublewska-Paszkowska and E. ?ukasik, "A* pathfinding algorithm modification for a 3D engine," in III International Conference of Computational Methods in Engineering Science (CMES’18), 2019.
[7] L. Husniah, R. Mahendra, A. S. Kholimi and E. Cahyono, "Comparison Between A And Obstacle Tracing Pathfinding In Gridless Isometric Game," in 2018 5th International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Informatics (EECSI), 2018.
[8] T. Subrando, D. Fitrianah and F. A. Prasetyatama, "Implementation of a* algorithm within navigation mesh in an artificial intelligence based video games," in International Journal of Engineering & Technology (IJET), 2018.
[9] Y. Sazaki, H. Satria and M. Syahroyni, "Comparison of A and dynamic pathfinding algorithm with dynamic pathfinding algorithm for NPC on car racing game," in 2017 11th International Conference on Telecommunication Systems Services and Applications (TSSA), 2017.
[10] A. Candra, M. A. Budiman and R. I. Pohan, "Application of A-Star Algorithm on Pathfinding Game," in 5 th International Conference on Computing and Applied Informatics (ICCAI 2020), 2020.
[11] P. Harsani, I. Mulyana and D. Zakaria, "Fuzzy logic and A* algorithm implementation on goat foraging games," in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering., 2017.
[12] N. Barnouti, S. Al-Dabbagh and M. Naser, "Pathfinding in Strategy Games and Maze Solving Using A* Search Algorithm," in Journal of Computer and Communications, 2016.
[13] S. Permana, B. Arifitama, K. Bintoro and A. Syahputra, "Comparative Analysis of Pathfinding Algorithms A *, Dijkstra, and BFS on Maze Runner Game," International Journal of Information System and Technology, vol. 1, no. 2, 2018.
[14] Y. F. Yiu, J. Du and R. Mahapatra, "Evolutionary Heuristic A Search: Heuristic Function Optimization via Genetic Algorithm," in 2018 IEEE First International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Knowledge Engineering (AIKE), 2018.
[15] K. Daniel, A. Nash, S. Koenig and A. Felner, "Theta*: Any-Angle Path Planning on Grids," in arXiv e-prints, 2014.
[16] B. P. Le and L. Ki-dong, "Applying Dynamic Weight on Theta Star Path-finding Algorithm in 2D Grid Map," in 2015 International Conference on Intelligent Computing, Electronics System and Information Technology, 2015.
[17] E. R. Firmansyah, S. U. Masruroh and F. Fahrianto, "Comparative Analysis of A and Basic Theta Algorithm in Android-Based Pathfinding Games," in 6th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology for The Muslim World (ICT4M), 2016.
[18] P. T. Le, N. T. Truong, M. S. Kim, W. So and J. H. Jung, "Applying Theta* in Modern Game," Journal of Computers, vol. 13, no. 5, 2018.
[19] P. Mendonca and S. Goodwin, "C-Theta: Cluster Based Path-Planning on Grids," in 2015 International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence (CSCI), 2015.
[20] S. Oh and H. W. Leong, "Strict Theta*: Shorter Motion Path Planning Using Taut Paths," in Twenty-Sixth International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling (ICAPS 2016), 2016.
[21] S. D. Permana, K. B. Bintoro, B. Arifitama and A. Syahputra, "Maze Runner: Angel and Demon Path Finding Game Application using C-Theta* Algorithm," in The 1st International Conference on Computer Science and Engineering Technology, 2018.
[22] A. Fitro, O. S. Bachri, A. I. S. Purnomo and I. Frendianata, "Shortest path finding in geographical information systems using node combination and dijkstra algorithm," International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 755-760, 2018.
[23] G. Qing, Z. Zheng and X. Yue, "Path-planning of Automated Guided Vehicle based on Improved Dijkstra," in 2017 29th Chinese Control And Decision Conference (CCDC), 2017.
[24] Yujin and G. Xiaoxue, "Optimal Route Planning of Parking Lot Based on Dijkstra Algorithm," in International Conference on Robots & Intelligent System, 2017.
[25] M. Iqbal, K. Zhang, S. Iqbal and I. Tariq, "A Fast and Reliable Dijkstra Algorithm for Online Shortest Path," SSRG International Journal of Computer Science and Engineering ( SSRG – IJCSE ), vol. 5, no. 12, 2018.
[26] A. Bozyi?it, G. Alanku? and E. Nasibo?lu, "Public Transport Route Planning: Modified Dijkstra's," in International Conference on Computer Science and Engineering (UBMK), 2017.
[27] X. Z. Wang, "The Comparison of Three Algorithms in Shortest Path Issue," in Journal of Physics Conference Series, 2018.
[28] H. Jason, "The Nature of Breadth-First Search," in School of Computer Science, Mathematics, and Physics James Cook University Australia, 2019.
[29] V. Palanisamy and S. Vijayanathan, "Cluster Based Multi Agent System for Breadth First Search," in 2020 20th International Conference on Advances in ICT for Emerging Regions (ICTer), 2021.
[30] S. Sularno, D. P. Mulya, R. Astri and D. Mulya, "Determination of The Shortest Route Based on BFS Algorithm for Purpose to Disaster Evacuation Shelter," Scientific Journal of Informatics, vol. 8, no. 1, 2021.
[31] S. Permana, K. Bintoro, B. Arifitama and A. Syahputra, "Comparative Analysis of Pathfinding Algorithms A*, Dijkstra, and BFS on Maze Runner Game," International Journal of Information System and Technology, vol. 1, no. 2, 2018.
[32] F. Zhang, H. Lin, J. Zhai, J. Cheng, D. Xiang, J. Li, Y. Chai and X. Du, "An Adaptive Breadth-?rst Search Algorithm on Integrated Architectures," The Journal of Supercomputing, vol. 74, p. 6135–6155, 2018.
[33] T. N. Lina and M. S. Rumetna, "Comparison Analysis of Breadth First Search and Depth Limited Search Algorithms in Sudoku Game," Bulletin of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 74-83, 2021.
Published
2022-05-31
How to Cite
PARDEDE, Sara Lutami et al.
A Review of Pathfinding in Game Development.
[CEPAT] Journal of Computer Engineering: Progress, Application and Technology, [S.l.], v. 1, n. 01, p. 47-56, may 2022.
ISSN 2963-6728.
Available at: <//journals.telkomuniversity.ac.id/cepat/article/view/4863>. Date accessed: 03 july 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.25124/cepat.v1i01.4863.
Section
Articles
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